Almuqbel, M., Melzer, T. R., Myall, D. J., MacAskill, M. R., Pitcher, T. L., Livingston, L., ... & Anderson, T. J. (2016). Metabolite ratios in the posterior cingulate cortex do not track cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease in a clinical setting. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, 22, 54-61.
Type:
Research article
Description:
The study assesses the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and cognitive impairment. There was no association with disease or cognitive ability at baseline or over time. MR spectroscopy of PCC does not appear to be a useful clinical marker for cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease.
Keywords:
MCI (mild cognitive impairment), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS), neurobiomarker, longitudinal
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Coppieters, N., Dieriks, B. V., Lill, C., Faull, R. L. M., Curtis, M. A., & Dragunow, M. (2014). Global changes in DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation in Alzheimer’s disease human brain. Neurobiology of Aging, 35(6), 1334-1344
Type:
Research article
Description:
This study investigated epigenetic markers altered in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease. The study clearly demonstrates the involvement of 5mC and 5hmC in Alzheimer's disease.
Keywords:
Alzheimer's disease, Alzheimers, Epigenetics, DNA methylation5-Methylcytosine (5mC), DNA hydroxymethylation5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), human brain
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Fan, D., Pitcher, T., Dalrymple‐Alford, J., MacAskill, M., Anderson, T., & Guan, J. (2020). Changes of plasma cGP/IGF‐1 molar ratio with age is associated with cognitive status of Parkinson disease. Alzheimer's & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring, 12(1), e12025.
Type:
Research article
Description:
This study examined the association of plasma cGP/IGF-1 molar ratio with the cognitive scores or age in patients with Parkinson disease (intact, MCI, or dementia) and healthy controls.  Increased cGP/IGF-1 molar ratio with age may contribute to cognitive retention.
Keywords:
MCI (mild cognitive impairment), Parkinson Disease (PD), Parkinson's, cGP/IGF-1 molar ratio, plasma biomarker
Link
Melzer, T. R., Stark, M. R., Keenan, R. J., Myall, D. J., MacAskill, M. R., Pitcher, T. L., Livingston, L., Grenfell, S., Horne, K., Young, B., Pascoe, M., Almuqbel, M. A., Wang, J., Marsh, S., Miller, D. H., Dalrymple-Alford, J. C., Anderson, T. J. (2019). Beta amyloid deposition is not associated with cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease. Frontiers in Neurology, 10, 391. 
Type:
Research article
Description:
Amyloid deposition in the brain was compared for 115 participants with Parkinson’s disease who were classified as having normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, or dementia. The study did not find an association between amyloid deposition and cognitive impairment.
Keywords:
Parkinson’s disease, Parkinsons, amyloid
Link
Mace, J. L., Porter, R. J., Dalrymple-Alford, J. C., Collins, C., & Anderson, T. J. (2016). Acute tryptophan depletion and Lewy body dementias. International Psychogeriatrics, 28(9), 1487-1491.
Type:
Research article
Description:
This study used acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) to examine the effects of a rapid reduction in serotonin function in people with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). D in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, counterbalanced, crossover design. While the study intended to test 20 patients, the protocol was poorly tolerated and terminated after six patients attempted. The reduction in global cognitive function and the poor tolerability found may fit with the hypothesis that people with dementia with Lewy bodies have sensitivity to the effects of reduced serotonin function.
Keywords:
Parkinson’s disease, Parkinsons, dementia, memory, cognitive disorders, dementia with Lewy bodies, serotonin
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Porter, R. J., Marshall, E. F., & O'Brien, J. T. (2002). Effects of rapid tryptophan depletion on salivary and plasma cortisol in Alzheimer's disease and the healthy elderly. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 16(1), 73-78.
Type:
Research article
Description:
Effects of lowering brain serotonin on salivary and plasma cortisol were assessed in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and in control subjects. The authors conclude that acute tryptophan depletion had no effect on cortisol secretion.
Keywords:
ageing, Alzheimer’s disease, Alzheimers, elderly controls, HPA axis, salivary cortisol, serotonin, tryptophan depletion
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Reid, S. J., van Roon-Mom, W. M. C., Wood, P. C., Rees, M. I., Owen, M. J., Faull, R. L. M., et al. (2004). TBP, a polyglutamine tract containing protein, accumulates in Alzheimer's disease. Molecular Brain Research, 125(1-2), 120-128.
Type:
Research article
Description:
This paper provides evidence that TBP (TATA binding protein) accumulates in the brains of people with Alzheimer’s disease localising to neurofibrillary tangle structures.
Keywords:
Polyglutamine, Alzheimer’s disease, TBP, neurodegeneration
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Reid, S. J., Whittaker, D. J., Greenwood, D., & Snell, R. G. (2009). A splice variant of the TATA-box binding protein encoding the polyglutamine-containing N-terminal domain that accumulates in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Research, 1268, 190-199.
Type:
Research article
Description:
Previously this research group reported the accumulation of an N-terminal fragment of the TATA-box binding protein (TBP) in Alzheimer's disease brain tissue and here they report the identification of a naturally occurring TBP splice variant as a likely mechanism for its production.
Keywords:
MCI (mild cognitive impairment), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS), neurobiomarker, longitudinalAlzheimer's disease, TATA-box binding protein, Protein misfolding, Polyglutamine, splice variant, neurodegeneration
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Xu, J., Begley, P., Church, S. J., Patassini, S., McHarg, S., Kureishy, N., ... & Lin, W. (2016). Elevation of brain glucose and polyol-pathway intermediates with accompanying brain-copper deficiency in patients with Alzheimer’s disease: metabolic basis for dementia. Scientific Reports, 6, 27524.
Type:
Research article
Description:
This study employed mass spectrometry (MS) to measure metabolites and metals in seven post-mortem brain regions of nine New Zealand AD patients and nine controls, and plasma-glucose and plasma-copper levels in an ante-mortem case-control study. There were pervasive defects in regulation of glucose and copper in AD brain but no evidence for corresponding systemic abnormalities in plasma.
Keywords:
Alzheimer’s disease, copper, glucose, neurodegeneration
Link
Xu, J., Church, S. J., Patassini, S., Begley, P., Waldvogel, H. J., Curtis, M. A., ... & Cooper, G. J. (2017). Evidence for widespread, severe brain copper deficiency in Alzheimer's dementia. Metallomics, 9(8), 1106-1119.
Type:
Research article
Description:
This study measures post-mortem levels of 8 essential metals and selenium in the brains of 9 New Zealand cases with Alzheimer’s disease, compared to 13 controls. Copper levels were substantively decreased in all Alzheimer’s Disease-brain regions compare to the control brains.
Keywords:
Alzheimer’s disease, copper, neurodegeneration
Link